Kamoo lintlha tsa taolo le lintlha tsa PPK li amang ho nepahala ha mofuta oa 3D

Litekong tsena tse peli, re hlahisitse mefuta e mene e fapaneng ho netefatsa ho nepahala ha mofuta oa 3D. Mefuta e mene e fapaneng ke:

1: Mefuta ea drone e tsamaisang thepa: drone ea VTOL kapa drone e nang le lirota tse ngata

2: GSD e fapaneng

3: Ka / Ntle le lintlha tsa taolo ea fatše

4: Ka / Ntle le data ea PPK

Teko ea 1: phello ea lintlha tsa taolo ea fatše (GCPs) mabapi le ho nepahala ho lekanyelitsoeng ha mohlala oa 3D;

Boemo 1

Drone e tsamaisang thepa	Khamera e oblique	GSD	PPK
CW10 VTOL	DG4pros	2cm	Ee

Sephetho Letlapa la 1:

Palo ea Lintho	bolelele ba tekanyo (L0)	Bolelele ba mohlala oa 3D (L1) ntle le GCP	Bolelele ba mohlala oa 3D (L2) le GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.01	0.00
	8.706	8.71	8.68	0.00	0.03
	10.961	10.87	10.90	0.09	0.06
2	7.010	6.89	6.98	0.12	0.03
3	1.822	1.79	1.80	0.03	0.02
4	10.410	10.39	10.40	0.02	0.01
5	10.718	10.67	10.70	0.05	0.02
6	13.787	13.75	13.77	0.04	0.02
7	11.404	11.39	11.39	0.01	0.01
	12.147	12.13	12.13	0.02	0.02
8	7.526	7.51	7.49	0.02	0.04
	13.797	13.79	13.81	0.01	-0.01
9	10.374	10.35	10.36	0.02	0.01
10	2.109	2.03	2.02	0.08	0.09
	4.281	4.15	4.16	0.13	0.12
11	14.675	14.61	14.66	0.07	0.02
	8.600	8.60	8.54	0.00	0.06
12	13.394	13.37	13.35	0.02	0.04
13	12.940	12.88	12.89	0.06	0.05
14	7.190	7.20	7.18	-0.01	0.01
15	13.371	13.36	13.35	0.01	0.02
	6.435	6.40	6.41	0.03	0.02
16	3.742	3.75	3.72	-0.01	0.02
17	6.022	5.97	5.98	0.05	0.04
18	3.937	3.93	3.89	0.01	0.05
19	8.120	8.10	8.12	0.02	0.00
	14.411	14.40	14.40	0.01	0.01
20	6.077	6.04	6.03	0.04	0.05
21	13.696	13.65	13.66	0.05	0.04
RMSE: Ds1=0.0342m,Ds2=0.0308m

Boemo 2

Drone e tsamaisang thepa	Khamera e oblique	GSD	PPK
CW10 VTOL	DG4pros	2cm	Che

Sephetho Lethathamo la 2:

Palo ea Lintho	bolelele ba tekanyo (L0)	Bolelele ba mohlala oa 3D (L1) ntle le GCP	Bolelele ba mohlala oa 3D (L2) le GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.18	7.18	0.030	0.030
	8.706	8.69	8.68	0.016	0.026
	10.961	10.89	10.91	0.071	0.051
2	7.010	6.88	6.92	0.130	0.090
3	1.822	1.76	1.79	0.062	0.032
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0.030	0.020
5	10.718	10.65	10.66	0.068	0.058
6	13.787	13.72	13.77	0.067	0.017
7	11.404	11.41	11.38	-0.006	0.024
	12.147	12.13	12.12	0.017	0.027
8	7.526	7.44	7.47	0.086	0.056
	13.797	13.83	13.83	-0.033	-0.033
9	10.374	10.35	10.34	0.024	0.034
10	2.109	1.98	2.03	0.129	0.079
	4.281	4.14	4.18	0.141	0.101
11	14.675	14.55	14.59	0.125	0.085
	8.600	8.58	8.57	0.020	0.030
12	13.394	13.36	13.35	0.034	0.044
13	12.940	12.95	12.92	-0.010	0.020
14	7.190	7.21	7.21	-0.020	-0.020
15	13.371	13.36	13.36	0.011	0.011
	6.435	6.37	6.43	0.065	0.005
16	3.742	3.74	3.72	0.002	0.022
17	6.022	6.03	6.00	-0.008	0.022
18	3.937	3.91	3.94	0.027	-0.003
19	8.120	8.09	8.09	0.030	0.030
	14.411	14.40	14.41	0.011	0.001
20	6.077	6.06	6.03	0.017	0.047
21	13.696	13.68	13.65	0.016	0.046
RMSE: Ds1=0.0397m,Ds2=0.0328m

Boemo 3

Drone e tsamaisang thepa	Khamera e oblique	GSD	PPK
CW10 VTOL	DG4pros	1.5cm	Ee

Sephetho Lethathamo la 3:

Palo ea Lintho	bolelele ba tekanyo (L0)	Bolelele ba mohlala oa 3D (L1) ntle le GCP	Bolelele ba mohlala oa 3D (L2) le GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.01	0.00
	8.706	8.69	8.7	0.02	0.01
	10.961	10.88	10.89	0.08	0.07
2	7.010	6.87	6.99	0.14	0.02
3	1.822	1.75	1.78	0.07	0.04
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0.03	0.02
5	10.718	10.69	10.69	0.03	0.03
6	13.787	13.78	13.76	0.01	0.03
7	11.404	11.38	11.39	0.02	0.01
	12.147	12.12	12.12	0.03	0.03
8	7.526	7.49	7.51	0.04	0.02
	13.797	13.78	13.8	0.02	0.00
9	10.374	10.34	10.35	0.03	0.02
10	2.109	2.02	2.11	0.09	0.00
	4.281	4.21	4.28	0.07	0.00
11	14.675	14.65	14.68	0.03	0.00
	8.600	8.57	8.53	0.03	0.07
12	13.394	13.40	13.37	-0.01	0.02
13	12.940	12.89	12.91	0.05	0.03
14	7.190	7.18	7.2	0.01	-0.01
15	13.371	13.38	13.35	-0.01	0.02
	6.435	6.46	6.4	-0.03	0.03
16	3.742	3.75	3.71	-0.01	0.03
17	6.022	5.97	5.98	0.05	0.04
18	3.937	3.91	3.89	0.03	0.05
19	8.120	8.08	8.1	0.04	0.02
	14.411	14.38	14.39	0.03	0.02
20	6.077	6.05	6.03	0.03	0.05
21	13.696	13.67	13.64	0.03	0.06
RMSE: Ds1=0.0328m,Ds2=0.0249m

Boemo 4

Drone e tsamaisang thepa	Khamera e oblique	GSD	PPK
CW10 VTOL	DG4pros	1.5cm	Che

Sephetho Letlapa la 4:

Palo ea Lintho	bolelele ba tekanyo (L0)	Bolelele ba mohlala oa 3D (L1) ntle le GCP	Bolelele ba mohlala oa 3D (L2) le GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.010	0
	8.706	8.65	8.68	0.056	0.026
	10.961	10.90	10.87	0.061	0.091
2	7.010	6.86	6.88	0.150	0.13
3	1.822	1.76	1.76	0.062	0.062
4	10.410	10.37	10.38	0.040	0.03
5	10.718	10.68	10.72	0.038	-0.002
6	13.787	13.71	13.79	0.077	-0.003
7	11.404	11.38	11.38	0.024	0.024
	12.147	12.12	12.13	0.027	0.017
8	7.526	7.49	7.53	0.036	-0.004
	13.797	13.77	13.78	0.027	0.017
9	10.374	10.35	10.37	0.024	0.004
10	2.109	2.09	2.11	0.019	-0.001
	4.281	4.19	4.28	0.091	0.001
11	14.675	14.64	14.67	0.035	0.005
	8.600	8.57	8.58	0.030	0.02
12	13.394	13.38	13.39	0.014	0.004
13	12.940	12.91	12.9	0.030	0.04
14	7.190	7.20	7.19	-0.010	0
15	13.371	13.38	13.37	-0.009	0.001
	6.435	6.43	6.42	0.005	0.015
16	3.742	3.70	3.7	0.042	0.042
17	6.022	5.99	5.98	0.032	0.042
18	3.937	3.94	3.91	-0.003	0.027
19	8.120	8.12	8.07	0.000	0.05
	14.411	14.37	14.38	0.041	0.031
20	6.077	6.04	6.04	0.037	0.037
21	13.696	13.65	13.65	0.046	0.046
RMSE: Ds1=0.0356m,Ds2=0.0259m

Boemo 5

Drone e tsamaisang thepa	Khamera e oblique	GSD	PPK
DJI M600 Pro Multi-rotor	DG4pros	1.5cm	Che

Sephetho Lethathamo la 5:

Palo ea Lintho	bolelele ba tekanyo (L0)	Bolelele ba mohlala oa 3D (L1) ntle le GCP	Bolelele ba mohlala oa 3D (L2) le GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.19	7.21	0.02	0.00
	8.706	8.70	8.70	0.01	0.01
	10.961	10.91	10.91	0.05	0.05
2	7.010	6.98	6.98	0.03	0.03
3	1.822	1.79	1.80	0.03	0.02
4	10.410	10.39	10.39	0.02	0.02
5	10.718	10.69	10.70	0.03	0.02
6	13.787	13.76	13.75	0.03	0.04
7	11.404	11.38	11.38	0.02	0.02
	12.147	12.12	12.13	0.03	0.02
8	7.526	7.50	7.49	0.03	0.04
	13.797	13.77	13.79	0.03	0.01
9	10.374	10.33	10.35	0.04	0.02
10	2.109	2.02	2.07	0.09	0.04
	4.281	4.20	4.21	0.08	0.07
11	14.675	14.65	14.66	0.03	0.02
	8.600	8.57	8.57	0.03	0.03
12	13.394	13.35	13.35	0.04	0.04
13	12.940	12.92	12.93	0.02	0.01
14	7.190	7.17	7.18	0.02	0.01
15	13.371	13.35	13.36	0.02	0.01
	6.435	6.41	6.42	0.02	0.01
16	3.742	3.70	3.71	0.04	0.03
17	6.022	5.99	6.00	0.03	0.02
18	3.937	3.89	3.91	0.05	0.03
19	8.120	8.08	8.10	0.04	0.02
	14.411	14.36	14.35	0.05	0.06
20	6.077	6.06	6.06	0.02	0.02
21	13.696	13.65	13.67	0.05	0.03
RMSE: Ds1=0.0342m,Ds2=0.0256m

Liqeto

Mefuta e fapaneng ea liteko 1 ke:

1: Ka/Kantle le data ea PPK.

2: Mefuta ea drone e tsamaisang thepa: drone ea VTOL kapa drone e nang le lirota tse ngata

3: GSD e fapaneng: 1.5 cm kapa 2cm

Ka mor'a tlhahlobo ea lihlopha tse hlano tsa data ea liteko, re ka fihlela liqeto tse latelang:

Ha kh'amera e oblique e le DG4Pros:

(1) Ka / Ntle le ntlha ea taolo ea fatše (GCP) e amehang ho triangulation ea AT, ebang ke VTOL kapa multi-rotor drone, ebang GSD ke 2cm kapa 1.5cm, mohlala oa 3D o hahiloeng ke oblique camera DG4Pros o ka kopana le litlhoko tsa phoso e nepahetseng e amanang le Ds≤10cm.

(2) Ha ka/ntle le li-GCP ke mofuta o le mong, ho nepahala ho lekanyelitsoeng ha moetso oa 3D ka li-GCP ho molemo ho feta ho se nang GCP.

(3) Ha GSD e le mofuta o le mong, ho nepahala ho lekanyelitsoeng ha mohlala oa 3D hore GSD 1.5cm e molemo ho feta GSD 2cm eo.

(4) Ha drone e tsamaisang thepa e le mofuta o le mong, ho nepahala ho lekanyelitsoeng ha mohlala oa 3D ho sebelisa li-rotor tse ngata ho molemo ho feta ho sebelisa VTOL e le drone e tsamaisang thepa.

Teko ea 2: Ntle le li-GCP, phello ea data ea PPK mabapi le ho nepahala ha mofuta oa 3D

Boemo 1

Drone e tsamaisang thepa	Khamera e oblique	GSD	GCPs
CW10 VTOL	DG4pros	2cm	NO

Sephetho Letlapa la 1:

Palo ea Lintho	bolelele ba tekanyo (L0)	Bolelele ba mohlala oa 3D (L1) ntle le PPK	3D bolelele ba mohlala (L2) le PPK	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.18	7.20	0.030	0.01
	8.706	8.69	8.71	0.016	0.00
	10.961	10.89	10.87	0.071	0.09
2	7.010	6.88	6.89	0.130	0.12
3	1.822	1.76	1.79	0.062	0.03
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0.030	0.02
5	10.718	10.65	10.67	0.068	0.05
6	13.787	13.72	13.75	0.067	0.04
7	11.404	11.41	11.39	-0.006	0.01
	12.147	12.13	12.13	0.017	0.02
8	7.526	7.44	7.51	0.086	0.02
	13.797	13.83	13.79	-0.033	0.01
9	10.374	10.35	10.35	0.024	0.02
10	2.109	1.98	2.03	0.129	0.08
	4.281	4.14	4.15	0.141	0.13
11	14.675	14.55	14.61	0.125	0.07
	8.600	8.58	8.60	0.020	0.00
12	13.394	13.36	13.37	0.034	0.02
13	12.940	12.95	12.88	-0.010	0.06
14	7.190	7.21	7.20	-0.020	-0.01
15	13.371	13.36	13.36	0.011	0.01
	6.435	6.37	6.40	0.065	0.03
16	3.742	3.74	3.75	0.002	-0.01
17	6.022	6.03	5.97	-0.008	0.05
18	3.937	3.91	3.93	0.027	0.01
19	8.120	8.09	8.10	0.030	0.02
	14.411	14.40	14.40	0.011	0.01
20	6.077	6.06	6.04	0.017	0.04
21	13.696	13.68	13.65	0.016	0.05
RMSE Ds1=0.0397m,Ds2=0.0342m

E fetileng:Kamoo ho kheloha ha chromatic le ho sotha ho amang ima

E 'ngoe:Bolelele ba ho tsepamisa maikutlo bo ama liphetho tsa mohlala oa 3D joang

Kgutla

RIY oblique lik'hamera

Likh'amera tsa RIE tse nang le lense e le 'ngoe

Lisebelisoa

Setsebi

Ho feta ho bobebe

Boloka nako

Ithute ts'ebetso ka mor'a metsotso e 10

Boleng bo phahameng ba setšoantšo le ho nepahala

Ts'ebetso ea kamahanyo

E tiile ebile e bolokehile

E ka kopanngoa le mefuta e mengata ea li-drones

Patlisiso/GIS

Smart City

Kaho/Moepo

Bohahlauli/Tshireletso ea meaho ea khale

Sesole/ Sepolesa

Sengoloa

Teko ea 1: phello ea lintlha tsa taolo ea fatše (GCPs) mabapi le ho nepahala ho lekanyelitsoeng ha mohlala oa 3D;

Boemo 1

Sephetho Letlapa la 1:

Boemo 2

Sephetho Lethathamo la 2:

Boemo 3

Sephetho Lethathamo la 3:

Boemo 4

Sephetho Letlapa la 4:

Boemo 5

Sephetho Lethathamo la 5:

Liqeto

Teko ea 2: Ntle le li-GCP, phello ea data ea PPK mabapi le ho nepahala ha mofuta oa 3D

Boemo 1

Sephetho Letlapa la 1:

LIHLAHISO+

LIKOPO+

Sengoloa+

Mabapi le rona+

ITEANYE LE RONA